Humans do not have special organs of speech. It is realized by means of articulation and breathing apparatus, chewing, swallowing, and phonation. The central element of the entire apparatus of speech is the cerebral cortex (right-handers - but predominantly left-brain, left-handed - on the contrary), where the concentrated representation of the dominant hand, and kinesthetic (muscle) analyzers are present. The process of babies’ language development is divided into three periods. The first - preparatory - includes screaming and babbling. Baby’s crying sends a signal to parents, for example, in case of being hungry. Babies of the entire world are similar. It is observed in deaf infants who have not had a sound contact with the mother. The sound of babbling is the result of the acoustic speech imitation of other sounds. Simultaneously, the child develops an elementary syllabic structure of words, consisting usually of one syllable. In the second period, from about eight to nine months of life, the baby begins to perceive the global sound of certain words, a glance or a gesture. He tries to make his parents answer the questions. In the third period, leading the countdown to the second year of life, the baby is ready to understand what he was said to: this time the word is followed with simple instructions. He has a purposeful pointing gesture, accompanied by sounds from the tone of requirements. During active pointing gesture is a big leap in the development of the first stage. Before he begins to speak, the baby must train the muscles of the vocal apparatus. This happens when he babbles, breaths, and swallows, suckles and chews. It is noticed that babies who were breastfed experienced have less difficulty with speech than bottle-baby do. Speech disorder can be caused by various sorts of reasons: congenital anomalies of the central nervous system, cerebral cortex, palate, tongue, nasal breathing defects and reduced muscle tone of the soft palate (this pathology leads to the twang), trauma (for example, the impressionable, prone to neurosis of children fear reaction can cause stuttering), etc. A child born deaf or lost hearing due to illness in the weeks and months of life learns to speak until the teacher teaches him to read lips. It is impossible for him to learn how to pronounce some sounds, then words, based on tactile, kinesthetic and visual perception. These lessons should start when a baby is three or four years old.
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